Important Concepts about Collectivistic Essay Paper

What are the important concepts about collectivistic do you need to keep in mind? Perhaps you are on a team that competes globally from that collectivistic culture. What is your behavior and your attitude on that team?

As more Western based companies try to enter the global market, it becomes more and more important to understand the aspects that make up the national culture of foreign countries. Ideally, the global company would need to be able to compare and contrast their own inherent culture with that of the local country and company they are studying. This process has been made easier by Dutch psychologist Geert Hofstede.

Hofstede developed a set of dimensions by which he measured all countries and their national cultures. He believed that each of these dimensions were issues that the society in question needed to come to terms with, in order to organize itself (Hofstede, n/d).  One of the most widely distinguishable distinctions between cultures is that of individualism and collectivism. Although each of the dimensions plays a key part in the structure of the collective organizational environment, individualism and collectivism gets to the heart of how the employees will react and what they will expect.

Individualistic cultures are driven by an internal desire to separate from others, defined by personal goals, traits and characteristics. The United States ranks high on the scale in individualism. The citizens of this country are self-reliant and value their freedoms and personal independence (Kahn, 2015). Though established on a bedrock of community, the country’s values and fundamental beliefs shifted as identified in the nation’s decrees and laws. American organizational environments became more independent, developing a siloed mentality.  Over the years, as more cultures begin to integrate into the workforce a shift in the organizational environment has taken place. Corporate environments are becoming increasingly interdependent as their networks become more globally linked (Astley & Fombrun, 1983).

This interdependent nature is indicative of collectivist cultures. Where individuals connect their values and beliefs into the community and see themselves through their relationships. Most third-world countries are deemed to be a collectivist culture. The islands of the Philippines are a prime example. Scoring a meager 32 on Hofstede’s scale of individualism it shows that the country has a long-term commitment to the group mentality (Hofstede Insights, 2020). Organizational environments influenced by collectivist cultures will focus on the relationship, decisions are based on the group, and loyalty is an integral part of the equation (Ilac, 2011).  With the differences between individualistic and collectivist cultures in mind, the impact of classic sociocultural theories can be revealed.

Classic theorists like Marx, Durkheim and Weber foretold of the effect on organizational environments that social values and structures would make. The social inequities identified by Karl Marx in his theory of conflict are visible today in the individualistic capital American culture. Some corporate cultures are still perceived to be benefiting off the labor of its workers. While others take a more bureaucratic approach to equality as Weber suggested in his theories. As leaders learn and adopt multiple cultural frames and apply them to relevant situations or circumstances, one begins to see the works of Durkheim. A collective consciousness develops with shared beliefs, attitudes and behaviors that are common to the group.

Important Concepts about Collectivistic Essay Paper

Score	Evaluation Criteria
Total score 100%	Meets all the criteria necessary for an A+ grade. Well formatted and instructions sufficiently followed. Well punctuated and grammar checked.
Above 90%	Ensures that all sections have been covered well, correct grammar, proofreads the work, answers all parts comprehensively, attentive to passive and active voice, follows professor’s classwork materials, easy to read, well punctuated, correctness, plagiarism-free
Above 75%	Meets most of the sections but has not checked for plagiarism. Partially meets the professor’s instructions, follows professor’s classwork materials, easy to read, well punctuated, correctness
Above 60%	Has not checked for plagiarism and has not proofread the project well. Out of context, can be cited for plagiarism and grammar mistakes and not correctly punctuated, fails to adhere to the professor’s classwork materials, easy to read, well punctuated, correctness
Above 45%	Instructions are not well articulated. Has plenty of grammar mistakes and does not meet the quality standards needed. Needs to be revised. Not well punctuated
Less than 40%	Poor quality work that requires work that requires to be revised entirely. Does not meet appropriate quality standards and cannot be submitted as it is to the professor for marking. Definition of a failed grade
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Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures Assignment

Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures Assignment

One significant difference between individualistic and collectivistic cultures is how membe rs of the cultures save face. The term face refers to the standing or position a person has in the eyes of others, or “an individual’s claimed sense of positive image in the context of socia l interaction” (Oetzel & Ting- Toomey, 2003, p. 600). When we attempt to “save face,” we strive to maintain a positive po sition in the eyes of other people with whom we communicate or to respect the position of others. When we “lose face,” we are embarrassed or humiliated, and we believe that our po sition in the eyes of others is diminished. When a culturally individualist person’s face is thr eatened, they prefer communication from others that is direct and helps them manage the t hreat. On the other hand, collectivist people prefer that others communicate with them indi rectly in order to retain harmony (Merkin, 2015). Those from collectivist cultures are more likely to use plural possessive pronouns (e.g., “our”) rather than singular possessive pronou ns (e.g., “my”), though we are not sure whether collectivism influences language or if indivi duals are primed to use collectivist language (Na & Choi, 2009). The concept of face appears in most cultures, but it manifests itself in different ways. Interc ultural communication researchers John Oetzel and Stella Ting- Toomey (2003) have found that those in collectivistic cultures place more emphasis on the face of others. In an individualistic culture, face is often the source of one’s personal pride o

r self- respect, and saving face is a personal goal. It is one reason why one may make excuses, rati onalize, laugh, or excuse her behavior rather than admit she is wrong. For example, the first officers discussed in Malcolm Gladwell’s book Outliers likely were swayed by their perspec tives about face, meaning that they chose not to threaten the captain’s or air traffic controll er’s face when they made a request or offered a suggestion, even when lives were at stake. But U.S. air traffic controllers were more interested in accomplishing tasks rather than savi ng face, which the first officers could have viewed as a threat to their own face. In a collectivistic culture, face influences a person’s status in the social group or in society a s a whole, and people feel an obligation not only to save face themselves but also to help ot hers save face and not bring shame on their group (Fitzgerald, 2003). In this way, individua ls in a collectivistic culture might view their self- concept through the lens of their group or community memberships. In China’s collectivisti c culture, for instance, the Chinese word for “politeness” includes four components: respect fulness, modesty, a warm attitude, and meeting standards. In this culture, saving face mean s first respecting others by showing appreciation and admiration for them. Second, one mu st be modest, which is demonstrated by not calling attention to oneself or elevating oneself. Third, an attitude of warmth requires that people show consideration, kindness, and hospi tality to others. Finally, one must behave in ways that are appropriate and that meet society ’s standards. To meet these goals in conversation, Chinese people often present themselves in a modest or self- deprecating way and will avoid saying what they actually think if it might hurt others (Chen g, 2004).

Like low-context and high- context communication characteristics, the differences between individualistic and collecti vistic cultures exist on a continuum. There are elements of individualism and collectivism i n all cultures, but to greater or lesser degrees. For example, Germany is classified as a mode rately individualistic culture, whereas Japan is moderately collectivistic (Oetzel & Ting- Toomey, 2003). Nearly three- quarters of the world’s cultures can be described as collectivistic (Triandis, 1989).

Based on what we have discussed about the differences between individualistic and collecti vistic cultures, you probably understand how conflicts can occur when people interact with others who have different values on issues such as what is best for the group versus what i s best for the individual, being unique versus fitting in, and self- reliance versus cooperation. If you want to be a competent communicator when interacting with individuals from other cultures, you must strive to understand the social norms of pe ople from other cultural backgrounds. Figure 3.3 summarizes some differences in the chara cteristics of individualistic and collectivistic cultures that can influence communication.

Figure 3.3: Communication in individualistic versus collectivistic cultures

Similar to cultural orientations toward low or high context, a culture can have a tendency t oward individualism or collectivism. There are elements of both in all cultures, but to great er or lesser degrees.

Source: Based on information from Novinger, T. (2001). Intercultural communication: A practical guide. Austin, TX: Universit y of Texas Press

Cultural Differences and Interpersonal Communication

Narrated video covering communication differences between low-context and high- context cultures and individualistic and collectivistic cultures.

Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures Assignment

Score	Evaluation Criteria
Total score 100%	Meets all the criteria necessary for an A+ grade. Well formatted and instructions sufficiently followed. Well punctuated and grammar checked.
Above 90%	Ensures that all sections have been covered well, correct grammar, proofreads the work, answers all parts comprehensively, attentive to passive and active voice, follows professor’s classwork materials, easy to read, well punctuated, correctness, plagiarism-free
Above 75%	Meets most of the sections but has not checked for plagiarism. Partially meets the professor’s instructions, follows professor’s classwork materials, easy to read, well punctuated, correctness
Above 60%	Has not checked for plagiarism and has not proofread the project well. Out of context, can be cited for plagiarism and grammar mistakes and not correctly punctuated, fails to adhere to the professor’s classwork materials, easy to read, well punctuated, correctness
Above 45%	Instructions are not well articulated. Has plenty of grammar mistakes and does not meet the quality standards needed. Needs to be revised. Not well punctuated
Less than 40%	Poor quality work that requires work that requires to be revised entirely. Does not meet appropriate quality standards and cannot be submitted as it is to the professor for marking. Definition of a failed grade
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Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures Assignment

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